Calidad de vida en pacientes con tumor vesical no músculo-invasivo sometidos a tratamiento adyuvante intravesical / Quality of life in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder tumor undergoing adjuvant intravesical treatment

Introducción El objetivo del estudio fue establecer posible relación entre los tratamientos con mitomicina-C (MMC) y bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) y la afectación en la calidad de vida. Material y métodos Estudio cuasiexperimental, prospectivo y longitudinal, recogiendo pacientes sometidos a tratamiento adyuvante en TVNMI. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios Short form-12 (SF-12) y Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) para medir la calidad de vida. Se compararon las puntuaciones de los cuestionarios entre casos con MMC y BCG antes de iniciar la inducción (M1), a las 4 semanas (M2) y a los dos meses (M3). Resultados Se recogieron 90 pacientes, 54 en el grupo de BCG y 36 en el de MMC. Se comprobó que los pacientes con BCG percibían peor calidad de vida física comparados con los de MMC en M2 (OR:2,59, p=0,046). Además, se hallaron cambios significativos en la calidad de vida urinaria de los pacientes en tratamiento con MMC entre los diferentes momentos temporales (puntuación del UDI-6: 33,33 en M1, 27,78 en M2 y 16,67 en M3, p=0,001). Conclusiones No existen diferencias en la calidad de vida urinaria entre los pacientes tratados con MMC y BCG. Los pacientes con MMC muestran una recuperación significativa de la calidad de vida urinaria a partir de la finalización de la inducción, que aumenta aún más a los dos meses de la misma. Además, los pacientes tratados con BCG presentan peor calidad de vida física a las 4 semanas de tratamiento que aquellos tratados con MMC (AU)

Introduction The objective of the study was to establish a possible relationship between mitomycin-C (MMC) and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatments and quality of life impairment. Material and methods Quasi-experimental, prospective, and longitudinal study including patients undergoing adjuvant treatment in NMIBC. The Short form-12 (SF-12) and Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) questionnaires were used to measure quality of life. Questionnaire scores were compared between cases with MMC and BCG before induction (M1), at 4 weeks (M2) and at 2 months (M3). Results Of the 90 patients enrolled, 54 were in the BCG group and 36 in the MMC group. It was found that BCG patients had worse perceived physical quality of life compared to MMC patients in M2 (OR:2.59, p=0.046). In addition, significant changes were found in the urinary quality of life of patients on MMC treatment between the different time points (UDI-6 score: 33.33 in M1, 27.78 in M2 and 16.67 in M3, p=0.001). Conclusions There are no differences in urinary quality of life between patients treated with MMC and BCG. Patients with MMC show a significant recovery of urinary quality of life from the completion of the induction course, which becomes even more significant after 2 months. In addition, BCG-treated patients have worse physical quality of life after 4 weeks of treatment than those treated with MMC (AU)

Quality of life in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder tumor undergoing adjuvant intravesical treatment.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the study was to establish a possible relationship between mitomycin-C (MMC) and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatments and quality of life impairment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quasi-experimental, prospective, and longitudinal study including patients undergoing adjuvant treatment in NMIBC. The Short form-12 (SF-12) and Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) questionnaires were used to measure quality of life. Questionnaire scores were compared between cases with MMC and BCG before induction (M1), at 4 weeks (M2) and at 2 months (M3). RESULTS: Of the 90 patients enrolled, 54 were in the BCG group and 36 in the MMC group. It was found that BCG patients had worse perceived physical quality of life compared to MMC patients in M2 (OR:2.59, p=0.046). In addition, significant changes were found in the urinary quality of life of patients on MMC treatment between the different time points (UDI-6 score: 33.33 in M1, 27.78 in M2 and 16.67 in M3, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There are no differences in urinary quality of life between patients treated with MMC and BCG. Patients with MMC show a significant recovery of urinary quality of life from the completion of the induction course, which becomes even more significant after 2 months. In addition, BCG-treated patients have worse physical quality of life after 4 weeks of treatment than those treated with MMC.

Early Ultrasound after Endoscopic Puncture of Ureterocele: Signs that Show Surgical Treatment Success

Introduction: We show the ability of early ultrasound after surgery to show the success of endoscopic puncture of the ureterocele. Method: Description of the clinical cases, therapeutic management and description of the ultrasound findings. Results: We present two infants aged 1 and 4 months who underwent endoscopic puncture of ectopic ureteroceles during a period of 3 months at our institution. The first case was operated urgently for urinary sepsis, while the second was punctured to preserve renal function. In both cases, ultrasound was performed two hours after surgery, and the ultrasound findings were recorded. In both patients, the ureterocele was considered resolved one year after the puncture. Conclusions: Findings such as puncture notch, flap-like collapse of the walls, decrease in ureterohydronephrosis, or disappearance of debris in the upper tract, are ultrasound signs that are visualized in the immediate postoperative period of endoscopic puncture of the ureterocele. Thus, early ultrasound is useful for early monitoring of endoscopic treatment of ureterocele (AU)

Introducción: Mostramos la capacidad de laecografía precoz tras cirugía para mostrar el éxito de lapunción endoscópica del ureterocele.Método: Descripción de los casos clínicos, manejoterapéutico y descripción de los hallazgos ecográficos.Resultados: Presentamos dos lactantes de 1 y 4 mesesintervenidas de punción endoscópica de ureteroceles ectópicos durante un periodo de 3 meses en nuestra institución. El primer caso se intervino urgente por una sepsis urinaria, mientras que el segundo se puncionó para preservarla función renal. En los dos casos, se realizó ecografía doshoras después de la cirugía, siendo registrados los hallazgos ecográficos. En ambas pacientes se consideró resueltoel ureterocele al año de la punción.Conclusiones: Hallazgos como la muesca de punción, el colapso a modo de colgajo de las paredes, la disminución de la ureterohidronefrosis, o la desaparición deldetritus en vía superior, son signos ecográficos que se visualizan ya en el postoperatorio inmediato de la punciónendoscópica del ureterocele. Así pues, la ecografía precozes útil en la monitorización temprana del tratamiento endoscópico del ureterocele. (AU)

Factores relacionados con la resistencia a la castración precoz en el cáncer de próstata metastásico. Resultados del Registro nacional de cáncer de próstata en España / Factors related to early castration resistance in metastatic prostate cancer. Results from the National Prostate Cancer Registry in Spain

Introducción: El objetivo del estudio fue establecer los factores que se relacionan de forma independiente con el desarrollo de resistencia a la castración (RC) a medio plazo en el cáncer de próstata (CP). Material y métodos: Ciento cincuenta y cinco pacientes con CP metastásicos al diagnóstico del registro nacional de CP con un seguimiento de hasta 39 meses. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, PSA, nadir de PSA, Gleason, invasión perineural, estadios T, N y M y tipo de bloqueo (intermitente/continuo). Resultados: Media de seguimiento 26,2 ± 13,4 meses. El 47,1% desarrolló RC precoz, con una media hasta el desarrollo de RC 12,2 ± 8,7 meses. Análisis univariante: se relacionaron con la RC la media de PSA (290 ± 905,1ng/ml en no RC, 519,1 ± 1437,2 ng/ml en RC, p < 0,001), media de edad (73,3 ± 8,3 años en no RC, 69,1 ± 9,3 en RC, p = 0,01), media de nadir de PSA (15,5 ± 57,3 ng/ml en no RC, 15,9 ± 23,7 ng/ml en RC, p < 0,001), Gleason (en ≥ 8, HR: 2,11; IC 95%: 1,22-3,65, p = 0,006) y estadio T (en T3-T4, HR: 2,85; IC 95%: 1,57-5,19, p < 0,001). Análisis multivariante: las variables independientes relacionadas con la RC son edad (HR: 0,96; IC 95%: 0,94-0,99, p = 0,01), nadir de PSA (HR: 1,65; IC 95%: 1,43-1,91, p < 0,001) y estadio T3-T4 (HR: 2,11; IC 95%: 1,10-4,04, p = 0,02). Conclusiones: El nadir de PSA y un estadio tumoral T3-T4 al diagnóstico se relacionan con un riesgo aumentado de desarrollar RC. Además, la edad al diagnóstico se muestra como una variable que disminuye el riesgo, de forma que, a más edad, menos riesgo de desarrollar RC a medio plazo

Introduction: The objective of the study was to determine the factors independently related with the development of castration resistance (CR) in prostate cancer (PC) in the medium term. Material and methods: 155 patients diagnosed with metastatic PC with a follow-up of up to 39 months. Data taken from the National PC Registry. The evaluated variables were age, PSA, nadir PSA, Gleason, perineural invasion, TNM stages, and ADT type (intermittent/continuous). Results: Mean follow-up 26,2 ± 13,4 months. 47.1% developed early CR, with mean time until onset of 12,2 ± 8,7 months. Univariate analysis the mean PSA was correlated with CR (290 ± 905,1 ng/mL in non CR, 519,1 ± 1437,2 ng/mL in CR, P < .001), mean age (73,3 ± 8,3 years in non CR, 69,1 ± 9,3 in CR P = .01), mean PSA nadir (15,5 ± 57,3 ng/mL in non CR, 15,9 ± 23,7 ng/mL in CR, p < 0,001), Gleason (in ≥ 8, HR: 2,11. 95% CI: 1.22-3.65, p = 0.006), and T stage (in T3-T4, HR: 2.85. 95% CI: 1.57-5.19, P < .001). Multivariate analysis the independent variables associated to CR are age (HR: 0.96. 95% CI: 0.94-0.99, P = .01), PSA nadir (HR: 1.65. 95% CI: 1,43-1,91, P < .001), and T3-T4 stage (HR: 2.11. 95% CI: 1.10-4.04, P = .02). Conclusions: PSA nadir and T3-T4 tumor stage at diagnosis are associated to an increased risk of developing CR. In addition, age at diagnosis is shown as a variable that decreases risk. Therefore, an older age would be associated with lower risk probability of CR in the medium term

Factors related to early castration resistance in metastatic prostate cancer. Results from the National Prostate Cancer Registry in Spain. / Factores relacionados con la resistencia a la castración precoz en el cáncer de próstata metastásico. Resultados del Registro nacional de cáncer de próstata en España.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the study was to determine the factors independently related with the development of castration resistance (CR) in prostate cancer (PC) in the medium term. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 155 patients diagnosed with metastatic PC with a follow-up of up to 39 months. Data taken from the National PC Registry. The evaluated variables were age, PSA, nadir PSA, Gleason, perineural invasion, TNM stages, and ADT type (intermittent/continuous). RESULTS: Mean follow-up 26,2±13,4 months. 47.1% developed early CR, with mean time until onset of 12,2±8,7 months. Univariate analysis the mean PSA was correlated with CR (290±905,1 ng/mL in non CR, 519,1±1437,2 ng/mL in CR, P<.001), mean age (73,3±8,3 years in non CR, 69,1±9,3 in CR P=.01), mean PSA nadir (15,5±57,3ng/mL in non CR, 15,9±23,7 ng/mL in CR, p<0,001), Gleason (in ≥8, HR:2,11. 95% CI: 1.22-3.65, p=0.006), and T stage (in T3-T4, HR: 2.85. 95% CI: 1.57-5.19, P<.001). Multivariate analysis the independent variables associated to CR are age (HR: 0.96. 95% CI: 0.94-0.99, P=.01), PSA nadir (HR: 1.65. 95% CI: 1,43-1,91, P<.001), and T3-T4 stage (HR: 2.11. 95% CI: 1.10-4.04, P=.02). CONCLUSIONS: PSA nadir and T3-T4 tumor stage at diagnosis are associated to an increased risk of developing CR. In addition, age at diagnosis is shown as a variable that decreases risk. Therefore, an older age would be associated with lower risk probability of CR in the medium term.

Expresión de ARNm de hTERT en orina como herramienta diagnóstica útil en cáncer de vejiga. Comparación con citología y NMP22 BladderCheck Test(R) / hTERT mRNA expression in urine as a useful diagnostic tool in bladder cancer. Comparison with cytology and NMP22 BladderCheck Test(R)

Introducción: El objetivo fue estudiar la relación entre la determinación cuantitativa de ARNm (hTERT) en pacientes con tumor vesical, antecedentes de tumor vesical y en sujetos sin antecedentes de esta neoplasia. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado y controlado con 91 sujetos incluidos. El valor de ARNm-hTERTN se determinó en 63 pacientes con antecedentes o sospecha de tumor vesical y en 28 controles. Se enviaron muestras de orina para evaluar el nivel de ARNm (hTERT), el estudio citológico y el resultado de NMP22. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias en los niveles medios de hTERTN en cada uno de los grupos: presencia de tumor 21,33 + /- 40,66, antecedente del tumor 2,16 +/ - 2,67, controles 0,9+/- 1, 75 (p < 0,001). En pacientes con tumor, no hubo diferencias en los niveles medios de hTERTN entre los diferentes grados y estadios, aunque hubo una tendencia: tumor de bajo grado 9,04 +/- 16,95, grado alto 28,95+/- 48,36 (p = 0,069), estadio Ta 10,33 +/- 19,39, T1 17,88 +/- 27,14, T2 54,8 +/- 74,05 (p = 0,056). Además, la sensibilidad de hTERTN fue superior a la de otras pruebas (76%), aunque la especificidad y los valores predictivos positivos y negativos fueron mejores para la citología (94%, 88,4% y 72,3% respectivamente) y NMP22 (88%, 80,6% y 73,3% respectivamente). Conclusiones: Los niveles de mRNA de hTERTN en la orina fueron más altos en pacientes con tumores vesicales en comparación con pacientes con antecedentes de tumor de vejiga y con cistoscopia negativa, así como en el grupo de control. Esta determinación mostró un mayor rendimiento diagnóstico en comparación con la detección de NMP22 y citología urinaria

Introduction: To study the relationship between quantitative mRNA determination (hTERT) in patients with bladder tumor, history of bladder tumor, and in subjects without a history of this neoplasia. Material and methods: A prospective randomized controlled study with 91 subjects included. The value of mRNA-hTERTN was determined in 63 patients with a history or suspicion of bladder tumor and in 28 controls. Urine samples were sent for evaluation of the mRNA level (hTERT), the cytological study and the NMP22 result. Results: Differences were observed in mean hTERTN levels in each of the groups: tumor presence 21.33+/- 40.66, tumor history 2.16 +/- 2.67, controls 0.9 +/- 1, 75 (p < 0.001). In patients with tumor, there was no difference in mean hTERTN levels between the different grades and stages, although there was a tendency: low grade tumor 9.04 +/- 16.95, high grade 28.95 +/- 48.36 (p = .069), stage Ta 10.33+/- 19.39, T1 17.88 +/- 27.14, T2 54.8 +/- 74.05 (p = .056). In addition, the sensitivity of hTERTN was superior to that of other test (76%), although specificity and positive and negative predictive values were better for cytology (94%, 88.4% and 72.3% respectively) and NMP22 (88%, 80.6% and 73.3% respectively). Conclusions: hTERTN mRNA levels in urine were higher in patients with bladder tumors compared to patients with a history of bladder tumor and with negative cystoscopy, as well as in the control group. This determination showed a higher diagnostic yield compared with the detection of NMP22 and urinary cytology

hTERT mRNA expression in urine as a useful diagnostic tool in bladder cancer. Comparison with cytology and NMP22 BladderCheck Test®. / Expresión de ARNm de hTERT en orina como herramienta diagnóstica útil en cáncer de vejiga. Comparación con citología y NMP22 BladderCheck Test®.

INTRODUCTION: To study the relationship between quantitative mRNA determination (hTERT) in patients with bladder tumor, history of bladder tumor, and in subjects without a history of this neoplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study with 91 subjects included. The value of mRNA-hTERTN was determined in 63 patients with a history or suspicion of bladder tumor and in 28 controls. Urine samples were sent for evaluation of the mRNA level (hTERT), the cytological study and the NMP22 result. RESULTS: Differences were observed in mean hTERTN levels in each of the groups: tumor presence 21.33+/- 40.66, tumor history 2.16+/- 2.67, controls 0.9+/- 1, 75 (p<0.001). In patients with tumor, there was no difference in mean hTERTN levels between the different grades and stages, although there was a tendency: low grade tumor 9.04+/- 16.95, high grade 28.95+/- 48.36 (p=.069), stage Ta 10.33+/- 19.39, T1 17.88+/- 27.14, T2 54.8+/- 74.05 (p=.056). In addition, the sensitivity of hTERTN was superior to that of other test (76%), although specificity and positive and negative predictive values were better for cytology (94%, 88.4% and 72.3% respectively) and NMP22 (88%, 80.6% and 73.3% respectively). CONCLUSIONS: hTERTN mRNA levels in urine were higher in patients with bladder tumors compared to patients with a history of bladder tumor and with negative cystoscopy, as well as in the control group. This determination showed a higher diagnostic yield compared with the detection of NMP22 and urinary cytology.

Satisfacción y adherencia al tratamiento en disfunción eréctil a medio y largo plazo / Satisfaction and treatment adherence in erectile dysfunction in the medium and long term

Introducción: El objetivo ha sido mostrar la satisfacción y adherencia al tratamiento en disfunción eréctil (DE) a medio y largo plazo. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y comparativo llevado a cabo en 2 centros mediante entrevistas telefónicas a pacientes que realizaron una primera visita entre 2012 y 2014 por DE. Se realizó una anamnesis completa sobre el uso y abandono del tratamiento. En caso de uso actual se cumplimentaron los cuestionarios EDITS y GAQ, y en caso de uso pasado solo el GAQ. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron el test exacto de Fisher para las comparaciones de porcentajes y el test de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar medias. Resultados: Doscientos cincuenta pacientes incluidos, habiendo recetado a un 20,8% alprostadilo intrauretral (AL-IU), a un 17,2% alprostadilo intracavenoso (AL-IC), a un 92,8% un primer IPD5, y a un 24,8% al menos un segundo IPD5. El abandono del tratamiento fue del 62,07% en el primer IPD5 utilizado, del 41,94% en el último IPD5 probado, del 69,23% en el AL-IU y del 65,11% en el AL-IC (p = 0,007). La principal razón de abandono en los IPD5 fue la falta de respuesta (32,76% de individuos que los toman). En el caso del AL-IU y AL-IC, además de esta destacan las reacciones adversas (28,85% y 11,63% respectivamente). La media de utilización hasta el abandono fue de 4,3 meses en IPD5, 2,2 meses en AL-IU y 5,5 meses en AL-IC (p = 0,064). Las puntaciones del GAQ y EDITS más favorables se observaron en los IPD5 (EDITS de 74). Sildenafilo y tadalafilo tienen los tiempos más largos de uso (media mayor de 5 meses). Conclusiones: El porcentaje de abandono en el tratamiento de la DE es alto, con tiempos cortos de uso de pocos meses, siendo las principales causas de abandono la falta de respuesta y las reacciones adversas. Los fármacos que aportan mayor satisfacción son los IPD5, sin existir diferencias significativas en el tiempo medio de uso entre los diferentes tipos y en aspectos como la media de uso hasta el abandono o los porcentajes de abandono

Introduction: The aim of this study was to show the satisfaction and treatment adherence in erectile dysfunction (ED) in the medium and long term.Material and methods: A descriptive, comparative study was conducted in 2 centres through telephone interviews with patients who came for an initial visit between 2012 and 2014 for ED. A complete case history review was conducted on the use of and withdrawal from treatment. For current use, the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) and the Global Assessment Questionnaire (GAQ) were filled out; for past use, only the GAQ was filled out. For the statistical analysis, we employed Fisher's exact test for comparisons of percentages and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare means. Results: The study included 250 patients; 20.8% were prescribed intraurethral alprostadil (ALP-IU), 17.2% were prescribed intracavernous alprostadil (ALP-IC), 92.8% were prescribed a first IPD5, and 24.8% were prescribed at least a second IPD5. The treatment withdrawal rate was 62.07% for the first IPD5, 41.94% for the last IPD5, 69.23% for the ALP-IU and 65.11% for the ALP-IC (P = .007). The main reason for withdrawal for the IPD5 was a lack of response (32.76% of those who took IPD5). In addition to withdrawal, there were adverse reactions for ALP-IU and ALP-IC (28.85% and 11.63%, respectively). The mean duration of use until withdrawal was 4.3 months for IPD5, 2.2 months for ALP-IU and 5.5 months for ALP-IC (P = .064). The most favourable GAQ and EDITS scores were observed for IPD5 (EDITS score of 74). Sildenafil and tadalafil had the longest usage times (mean >5 months). Conclusions: The withdrawal rate for treating ED is high, with short usage times of a few months. A lack of response and adverse reactions were the main causes for withdrawal. The drugs that provide greater satisfaction are the IPD5, although there are no significant differences in the mean usage time between the different types and in aspects such as the mean usage time to withdrawal or the withdrawal rates

Estudio comparativo entre láser tulio (Tm: YAG) 150W y láser verde (LBO:ND-YAG) 120W para el tratamiento de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata: eficacia y seguridad a corto plazo / Comparative study between thulium laser (Tm: YAG) 150W and greenlight laser (LBO:ND-YAG) 120W for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperpplasia: short-term efficacy and security

Objetivo: Comparar los resultados de eficacia y seguridad del láser tulio 150W frente a láser verde 120W en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata a corto plazo (12 meses de la cirugía). Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional, donde se incluyen varones intervenidos con la técnica de fotovaporización prostática durante un periodo de 4 años en nuestro centro. Se comprobó la homogeneidad de la muestra, y se compararon las complicaciones postoperatorias (retención aguda de orina, reingreso, necesidad de transfusión), los fracasos al año de la cirugía (reintervenciones, flujo máximo < 15ml/seg, ausencia de mejoría en el I-PSS) y disminución de PSA al año de la cirugía. Análisis bivariante mediante Chi-cuadrado y «t» de Student. Resultados: Ciento dieciséis pacientes tratados con tulio y 118 con láser verde. Muestra homogénea para variables preoperatorias (p>0,05). No se objetivaron diferencias en las complicaciones: en retenciones agudas de orina, 4,3% con tulio y 6,8% con láser verde (p = 0,41); en reingresos 2,6% con tulio y 1,7% con láser verde (p = 0,68); en necesidad de transfusión 2,6% con tulio y 0% con láser verde (p = 0,12). Tampoco se observaron diferencias en el porcentaje de pacientes reintervenidos (1,7% en el grupo de tulio, 5,1% en el de láser verde, p = 0,28), ni en el de individuos con Qmáx menor de 15 ml/seg (6,9% con tulio, 6,77% con láser verde, p = 0,75), ni en el de ausencia de mejoría del I-PSS (5,2% con tulio, 3,4% con láser verde, p = 0,65). Tampoco hubo diferencia en los niveles de PSA en ng/ml al año de la cirugía: con tulio 2,78 ± 2,09 y con láser verde 1,83±1,48 (p = 0,75). Conclusiones: La fotovaporización prostática con láser tulio 150W es comparable a la realizada con láser verde de 120 W para el tratamiento de los síntomas obstructivos del tracto urinario inferior por HBP, siendo ambas técnicas eficaces y seguras a los 12 meses de la intervención. Futuros estudios prospectivos aleatorizados son necesarios para confirmar esta conclusión sobre ambas técnicas

Objective: To compare the results of efficacy and safety of Thulium laser 150 W against Greenlight laser 120 W in the treatment of short term benign prostatic hyperplasia (12 months after surgery). Material and methods: This is a retrospective observational study where men who underwent the surgical technique of prostate vaporization over a period of four years in our center are included. The homogeneity of the sample was checked, and postoperative complications (acute urinary retention, reentry, need for transfusion), failures per year of surgery (reoperation, peak flow < 15ml/sec, no improvement in comparing the I-PSS), and decreased PSA were compared a year after surgery. A bivariate analysis using Chi-square and t-Student was carried out. Results: 116 patients were treated with thulium and 118 with green laser. The sample was homogeneous for preoperative variables (P > .05). No differences in complications were observed: in urine acute retention, 4.3% with thulium and 6.8% with green laser (P = .41); in readmissions, 2.6% with thulium and 1.7% with green laser (P = .68); in need for transfusion, 2.6% with thulium and 0% with green laser (P = .12). No differences were observed in the percentage of patients reoperation (1.7% in the group of thulium, 5.1% in the green laser, P = .28); or in individuals with Qmáx less than 15ml/sec (6.9% with thulium, 6.77% with green laser, P = .75), or in the absence of improvement in the IPSS (5, 2% with thulium, 3.4% with green laser, P = .65). There was also no difference in the levels of PSA in ng/mL a year after surgery: with thulium 2.78 ± 2.09 and with green laser 1.83 ± 1.48 (P = .75). Conclusions: Prostate vaporization with thulium laser 150W is comparable to that made with green laser 120W for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms caused by BPH, being both effective and safe techniques to 12 months after surgery. Future prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm this conclusion on both techniques

Uso del antígeno prostático específico en atención primaria (PSA) / Use of prostatic specific antigen in primary care (PSA)

Introducción. En la literatura publicada queda demostrado que el uso del PSA es incorrecto en ocasiones, solicitando este marcador en varones muy jóvenes o muy ancianos, y repitiendo determinaciones en cortos periodos de tiempo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo ha sido describir la utilización del PSA en la práctica diaria por parte de los médicos de atención primaria de nuestra área, tratando aspectos como la importancia de la edad de los pacientes, el valor en el cribado del cáncer de próstata, o las creencias subjetivas sobre su utilidad. Como objetivo secundario se ha comparado el uso y las creencias entre los médicos que dicen conocer bien el PSA y los que no. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo y comparativo llevado a cabo mediante cuestionarios que fueron administrados en mano a los médicos de atención primaria de todos los centros de salud de nuestra área. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se compararon los porcentajes de respuestas entre los médicos que creían tener suficiente información sobre el PSA y los que no mediante un test Chi-cuadrado. Resultados. Se recibieron cuestionarios de 103 profesionales. Un 83,5% afirmaba tener suficiente conocimiento sobre el PSA. Los profesionales de este último grupo solicitan PSA a edades más tempranas (p=0,029), con una mayor frecuencia (p=0,011) y dudan más sobre su utilidad (p=0,009) que aquellos con menor conocimiento. Un 49,5% decía solicitar al año menos de 50 determinaciones, y un 33% entre 50 y 100. Un 53,4% de los médicos no pediría el primer PSA hasta la década de los 50, y hasta un 49% lo solicita hasta los 80 años. Un 64,1% se ha planteado muchas veces la verdadera utilidad del PSA, y un 29,1% cree que es poco útil para diagnosticar cáncer. Conclusiones. En nuestro estudio, el 64% de los médicos de atención primaria se ha planteado bastantes veces la verdadera utilidad del PSA, y un 29% cree que es poco útil para el diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata. Además, algunos datos apuntan a un uso limitado del mismo, como el hecho de que el 50% realizan menos de 50 peticiones de PSA anuales, o que un 28% de los profesionales no lo solicitarían nunca en un varón sin sintomatología urinaria. En el presente trabajo se ha observado que aquellos profesionales que afirman no tener suficiente información sobre el PSA realizan más peticiones en pacientes con edades tardías y se plantean menos la utilidad o el rendimiento del marcador (AU)

Introduction. In the literature it is shown that the use of PSA is occasionally wrong, by requesting this marker in very young or very old men, and repeated measurements in short periods of time. The main objective of this study was to describe the use of PSA in daily practice by primary care physicians in our area, dealing with aspects such as the importance of patient age, the value in the screening for prostate cancer, or the subjective beliefs about its usefulness. A secondary objective was the comparison of use, and beliefs among doctors who claim to know PSA well, and those who do not. Patients and methods. A descriptive and comparative study was conducted using questionnaires that were handed to primary care doctors in all health centres in our area. A descriptive analysis was performed and response rates among doctors who thought they had enough information about PSA, and those who did not, were compared using the Chi-squared test. Results. A total of 103 questionnaires were received from the physicians, with 83.5% claiming to have sufficient knowledge about the PSA. The professionals in this latter group request PSA at an earlier age (P=.029), with a higher frequency (P=.011) and have more doubts about its usefulness (P=.009) than those with less knowledge. Almost half (49.5%) said they request less than 50 determinations per year, and 33% between 50 and 100. More than half (53.4%) of doctors would not request the first PSA on a patient until their 50s, and up to 49% request it up to 80 years. The true value of PSA has been established many times by 64.1% of requesters, and 29.1% believe it is unhelpful in the diagnosis of cancer. Conclusions. In our study, 64% of primary care physicians have considered the true value of the PSA several times, and 29% believe it to be of little use in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In addition, some data suggest it has limited use due to the fact that 50% made less than 50 PSA requests per years, and 28% of the professionals would never request it on a male without urinary symptoms. In this study, it has been observed that those professionals who claim not to have enough information about the PSA make more requests in patients of an older age, and consider that it is of limited use as a marker (AU)

[Use of prostatic specific antigen in primary care (PSA)]. / Uso del antígeno prostático específico en atención primaria (PSA).

INTRODUCTION: In the literature it is shown that the use of PSA is occasionally wrong, by requesting this marker in very young or very old men, and repeated measurements in short periods of time. The main objective of this study was to describe the use of PSA in daily practice by primary care physicians in our area, dealing with aspects such as the importance of patient age, the value in the screening for prostate cancer, or the subjective beliefs about its usefulness. A secondary objective was the comparison of use, and beliefs among doctors who claim to know PSA well, and those who do not. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive and comparative study was conducted using questionnaires that were handed to primary care doctors in all health centres in our area. A descriptive analysis was performed and response rates among doctors who thought they had enough information about PSA, and those who did not, were compared using the Chi-squared test. RESULTS: A total of 103 questionnaires were received from the physicians, with 83.5% claiming to have sufficient knowledge about the PSA. The professionals in this latter group request PSA at an earlier age (P=.029), with a higher frequency (P=.011) and have more doubts about its usefulness (P=.009) than those with less knowledge. Almost half (49.5%) said they request less than 50 determinations per year, and 33% between 50 and 100. More than half (53.4%) of doctors would not request the first PSA on a patient until their 50s, and up to 49% request it up to 80 years. The true value of PSA has been established many times by 64.1% of requesters, and 29.1% believe it is unhelpful in the diagnosis of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, 64% of primary care physicians have considered the true value of the PSA several times, and 29% believe it to be of little use in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In addition, some data suggest it has limited use due to the fact that 50% made less than 50 PSA requests per years, and 28% of the professionals would never request it on a male without urinary symptoms. In this study, it has been observed that those professionals who claim not to have enough information about the PSA make more requests in patients of an older age, and consider that it is of limited use as a marker.

Satisfaction and treatment adherence in erectile dysfunction in the medium and long term. / Satisfacción y adherencia al tratamiento en disfunción eréctil a medio y largo plazo.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to show the satisfaction and treatment adherence in erectile dysfunction (ED) in the medium and long term. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, comparative study was conducted in 2 centres through telephone interviews with patients who came for an initial visit between 2012 and 2014 for ED. A complete case history review was conducted on the use of and withdrawal from treatment. For current use, the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) and the Global Assessment Questionnaire (GAQ) were filled out; for past use, only the GAQ was filled out. For the statistical analysis, we employed Fisher's exact test for comparisons of percentages and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare means. RESULTS: The study included 250 patients; 20.8% were prescribed intraurethral alprostadil (ALP-IU), 17.2% were prescribed intracavernous alprostadil (ALP-IC), 92.8% were prescribed a first IPD5, and 24.8% were prescribed at least a second IPD5. The treatment withdrawal rate was 62.07% for the first IPD5, 41.94% for the last IPD5, 69.23% for the ALP-IU and 65.11% for the ALP-IC (P=.007). The main reason for withdrawal for the IPD5 was a lack of response (32.76% of those who took IPD5). In addition to withdrawal, there were adverse reactions for ALP-IU and ALP-IC (28.85% and 11.63%, respectively). The mean duration of use until withdrawal was 4.3 months for IPD5, 2.2 months for ALP-IU and 5.5 months for ALP-IC (P=.064). The most favourable GAQ and EDITS scores were observed for IPD5 (EDITS score of 74). Sildenafil and tadalafil had the longest usage times (mean >5 months). CONCLUSIONS: The withdrawal rate for treating ED is high, with short usage times of a few months. A lack of response and adverse reactions were the main causes for withdrawal. The drugs that provide greater satisfaction are the IPD5, although there are no significant differences in the mean usage time between the different types and in aspects such as the mean usage time to withdrawal or the withdrawal rates.

Comparative study between thulium laser (Tm: YAG) 150W and greenlight laser (LBO:ND-YAG) 120W for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperpplasia: Short-term efficacy and security. / Estudio comparativo entre láser tulio (Tm: YAG) 150W y láser verde (LBO:ND-YAG) 120W para el tratamiento de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata: eficacia y seguridad a corto plazo.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of efficacy and safety of Thulium laser 150W against Greenlight laser 120W in the treatment of short term benign prostatic hyperplasia (12 months after surgery). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study where men who underwent the surgical technique of prostate vaporization over a period of four years in our center are included. The homogeneity of the sample was checked, and postoperative complications (acute urinary retention, reentry, need for transfusion), failures per year of surgery (reoperation, peak flow <15ml/sec, no improvement in comparing the I-PSS), and decreased PSA were compared a year after surgery. A bivariate analysis using Chi-square and t-Student was carried out. RESULTS: 116 patients were treated with thulium and 118 with green laser. The sample was homogeneous for preoperative variables (P>.05). No differences in complications were observed: in urine acute retention, 4.3% with thulium and 6.8% with green laser (P=.41); in readmissions, 2.6% with thulium and 1.7% with green laser (P=.68); in need for transfusion, 2.6% with thulium and 0% with green laser (P=.12). No differences were observed in the percentage of patients reoperation (1.7% in the group of thulium, 5.1% in the green laser, P=.28); or in individuals with Qmáx less than 15ml/sec (6.9% with thulium, 6.77% with green laser, P=.75), or in the absence of improvement in the IPSS (5, 2% with thulium, 3.4% with green laser, P=.65). There was also no difference in the levels of PSA in ng/mL a year after surgery: with thulium 2.78±2.09 and with green laser 1.83±1.48 (P=.75). CONCLUSIONS: Prostate vaporization with thulium laser 150W is comparable to that made with green laser 120W for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms caused by BPH, being both effective and safe techniques to 12 months after surgery. Future prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm this conclusion on both techniques.

Un tumor genitourinario infrecuente: sarcomas paratesticulares / Paratesticular sarcoma: An infrequent genitourinary tumor

OBJETIVO: Exponer los aspectos relacionados con el diagnóstico, terapéutica y seguimiento de los sarcomas paratesticulares, a partir de la presentación de tres casos con diferente histología. MÉTODO: Descripción de los casos clínicos, el manejo quirúrgico, y los resultados anatomopatológicos de las piezas quirúrgicas. RESULTADOS: Presentamos tres casos de pacientes con sarcomas paratesticulares, un caso de rabdomiosarcoma y dos de liposarcoma. Dos pacientes tuvieron una primera y única cirugía exitosa, mientras que el tercero precisó de reintervención tras recidiva. Actualmente los tres se encuentran libre de enfermedad. CONCLUSIONES: Los sarcomas paratesticulares son neoplasias infrecuentes en urología. Es esencial que el urólogo sospeche esta posibilidad ante un tumor paratesticular, pues la radicalidad en la cirugía será el factor más determinante en el éxito del tratamiento. Las terapias adyuvantes deben individualizarse en cada caso, y el seguimiento tras la cirugía conviene que sea estrecho, dada la mala evolución de estos tumores en muchos casos

OBJECTIVE: To expose the features related to the diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of paratesticular sarcomas, through the presentation of three cases with different histologies. METHODS: Description of the clinical cases, surgical management, and pathological results of the surgical specimens. RESULTS: We present three cases of paratesticular sarcomas, one case being a rhabdomyosarcoma and two liposarcomas. Two patients underwent a single successful surgery, while the third one required a second intervention after recurrence. Today all three patients are free of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant paratesticular sarcomas are infrequent neoplasias in urology. It is essential that the urologist is aware of this possibility when faced with a paratesticular tumor, since radicalness of surgery will be the most decisive factor in the success of the treatment. Adjuvant therapies must be individualized in each case, and the follow-up after surgery should be close, given the poor evolution of these tumors in many cases

Uso de contenedores individuales para las muestras obtenidas en biopsia prostática: ¿ganamos en rendimiento diagnóstico? / Use of individual containers for prostate biopsy samples: Do we gain diagnostic performance?

Objetivo: Los cilindros de próstata obtenidos en la biopsia transrectal suelen enviarse en viales separados para su procesamiento anatomopatológico. Aunque es una práctica frecuente, existen trabajos controvertidos sobre su utilidad. Se quiso comparar el porcentaje de diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata al procesar las muestras en 2 contenedores o en contenedores individuales, para comprobar si existen diferencias. Como objetivo secundario se han comprobado los porcentajes de diagnóstico de varios subtipos de tumores en cada uno de los 2 grupos. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional sobre 2.601 casos de biopsias prostáticas. Se extrajeron 10 cilindros en cada biopsia. Dividimos la muestra en 2 grupos: envío de biopsia al servicio de anatomía patológica en 2 recipientes (lóbulo izquierdo y derecho) o en 10 (uno por cada cilindro), según diferente criterio utilizado en nuestro centro en varias épocas. Posteriormente se clasificaron los casos según ausencia de neoplasia, tumor insignificante (afectación de un solo cilindro, < 5%, Gleason < 7), Gleason 6, Gleason ≥ 7. Análisis estadístico bivariante mediante Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1.777 sujetos en el grupo de 2 contenedores y 824 en el de 10. Se diagnosticaron un 32,4% de cánceres en el grupo de 2 recipientes y un 40% en el de 10, existiendo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Los carcinomas insignificantes se diagnosticaban con más frecuencia en el grupo de 2 botes, el 6,4% frente al 4,3% en el de 10 (p = 0,03). Los Gleason 6 se diagnosticaban más en el grupo de 10 contenedores en comparación con el de 2 (11,9% frente al 8,1% [p = 0,002]). Lo mismo sucedía con los Gleason ≥ 7, el 23,8% en el grupo de 10 viales frente al 17,9% en el de 2 (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Se diagnostican más cánceres de próstata al enviar los cilindros biopsiados en botes individuales. Además, llevando a cabo esta maniobra, hemos observado en nuestra serie una disminución de los diagnósticos de carcinoma insignificante en detrimento de un mayor diagnóstico de carcinomas no insignificantes

Objective: Prostate cores from transrectal biopsies are usually sent in separate vials for pathological processing. Although this is a common practice, there are controversial studies on its usefulness. We wanted to compare the rate of prostate cancer diagnosis between processing samples in 2 containers and processing them in individual containers to see if there are differences. Our secondary objective was to check the rate of diagnosis of various tumour subtypes in each of the 2 groups. Material and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted of 2,601 cases of prostate biopsies. Ten cores were extracted in each biopsy. We divided the sample into 2 groups: biopsies sent in 2 containers to the department of pathology (left and right lobes) or sent in 10 (one for each cylinder), according to the different criteria used in our centre in the past. We then classified the cases according to the absence of neoplasia, insignificant tumour (involvement of just 1 cylinder, < 5%, Gleason score < 7), Gleason 6 or Gleason ≥ 7. A bivariate statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test. Results: A total of 1,777 participants were included in the 2-container group, and 824 were included in the 10-container group. We diagnosed a rate of 32.4% of cancers in the 2-container group and 40% in the 10-container group, a difference that was statistically significant (P < .001). The insignificant carcinomas were diagnosed more often in the 2-container group than in the 10-container group (6.4% vs. 4.3%, respectively; P = .03). Samples with a Gleason score of 6 were diagnosed more often in the 10-container group than in the 2-container group (11.9% vs. 8.1%, respectively; P = .002). The same occurred with the Gleason score ≥ 7 (23.8% in the 10-container group vs. 17.9% in the 2-container group; P < .001). Conclusions: We diagnosed more prostate cancers when sending biopsied cores in individual containers. Once the procedure was conducted, we also observed in our series a reduction in the diagnoses of insignificant carcinoma to the detriment of an increased diagnosis of not insignificant carcinomas

Hemorragia renal tras LEOC: del pequeño hematoma al estallido renal / Renal hemorrhage after eswl: From small hematoma to renal blowout

OBJETIVO: Presentar dos casos de hemorragia renal tras litotricia extracorpórea con ondas de choque (LEOC) y su manejo terapéutico. MÉTODO: Descripción de los casos clínicos, además del diagnóstico y el manejo terapéutico de este tipo de complicaciones. RESULTADOS: Presentamos dos casos de pacientes con hemorragia renal tras LEOC, las cuales fueron realizadas sin incidencias inmediatas. Uno de los casos, tras objetivar laceración importante del parénquima renal, precisó dos embolizaciones para su resolución a corto plazo, aunque la paciente finalmente falleció por las complicaciones derivadas de la hemorragia. El otro se resolvió con manejo conservador. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque la hemorragia renal es una complicación infrecuente tras LEOC, debe sospecharse cuando el paciente presente clínica compatible, pues aunque la mayoría de los casos se resuelven de forma conservadora, en ocasiones son necesarios tratamientos específicos de la hemorragia. La edad avanzada y la presencia de comorbilidades vasculares parecen relacionarse con un mayor riesgo de hemorragia tras LEOC

OBJECTIVE: To report two cases of renal hemorrhage after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and their therapeutic management. METHODS: Description of the clinical cases, together with the diagnosis and therapeutic management of these complications. RESULTS: We present two cases of patients with renal hemorrhage after ESWL, which were performed without immediate complications. One of the cases, after detecting an important laceration of the renal parenchyma, needed two embolization sessions for its short-term resolution; however, the patient finally passed away due to the complications derived from hemorrhage. The other case was solved through conservative management. CONCLUSIONS: Even though hemorrhage is an infrequent complication after ESWL, it should be suspected when the patient presents compatible clinical symptoms, since even though most cases are resolved in a conservative manner, on some occasions specific treatments for the hemorrhage are necessary. Old age and the presence of vascular comorbidities seem to be related to a higher risk of hemorrhage after ESWL

Use of individual containers for prostate biopsy samples: Do we gain diagnostic performance? / Uso de contenedores individuales para las muestras obtenidas en biopsia prostática: ¿ganamos en rendimiento diagnóstico?

OBJECTIVE: Prostate cores from transrectal biopsies are usually sent in separate vials for pathological processing. Although this is a common practice, there are controversial studies on its usefulness. We wanted to compare the rate of prostate cancer diagnosis between processing samples in 2 containers and processing them in individual containers to see if there are differences. Our secondary objective was to check the rate of diagnosis of various tumour subtypes in each of the 2 groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted of 2,601 cases of prostate biopsies. Ten cores were extracted in each biopsy. We divided the sample into 2 groups: biopsies sent in 2 containers to the department of pathology (left and right lobes) or sent in 10 (one for each cylinder), according to the different criteria used in our centre in the past. We then classified the cases according to the absence of neoplasia, insignificant tumour (involvement of just 1 cylinder, <5%, Gleason score<7), Gleason 6 or Gleason≥7. A bivariate statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test. RESULTS: A total of 1,777 participants were included in the 2-container group, and 824 were included in the 10-container group. We diagnosed a rate of 32.4% of cancers in the 2-container group and 40% in the 10-container group, a difference that was statistically significant (P<.001). The insignificant carcinomas were diagnosed more often in the 2-container group than in the 10-container group (6.4% vs. 4.3%, respectively; P=.03). Samples with a Gleason score of 6 were diagnosed more often in the 10-container group than in the 2-container group (11.9% vs. 8.1%, respectively; P=.002). The same occurred with the Gleason score≥7 (23.8% in the 10-container group vs. 17.9% in the 2-container group; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: We diagnosed more prostate cancers when sending biopsied cores in individual containers. Once the procedure was conducted, we also observed in our series a reduction in the diagnoses of insignificant carcinoma to the detriment of an increased diagnosis of not insignificant carcinomas.

¿Cuándo biopsiar las vesículas seminales? / When to biopsy seminal vesicles

Objetivos: La afectación de las vesículas seminales en el cáncer de próstata puede afectar al pronóstico y condicionar el tratamiento. El objetivo es conocer si podemos predecir su infiltración en el momento de realizar la biopsia prostática para saber cuándo hay que indicar la biopsia de las mismas. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional sobre 466 pacientes a los que se les realizó biopsia de vesículas seminales. La indicación de esta biopsia fue: PSA mayor de 10 ng/ml o ángulo prostatoseminal no conservado. En el análisis se incluyeron las siguientes variables: PSA, densidad de PSA, volumen prostático, número de cilindros biopsiados, tacto rectal sospechoso y conservación del ángulo prostatoseminal, estudiándose su relación con la afectación de las vesículas seminales. Resultados: Cuarenta y un sujetos (8,8%) con vesículas seminales infiltradas y 425 (91,2%) libres de afectación. En el análisis univariado los casos con infiltración tenían una media superior en PSA (p < 0,01) y densidad de PSA (p < 0,01), además de una media de volumen prostático menor (p < 0,01). El tacto rectal sospechoso (20,7% de las infiltradas) y la no conservación del ángulo prostatoseminal (33,3% de las infiltradas) se relacionaron de forma significativa con la afectación (p < 0,01). En el análisis multivariado se concluye que la probabilidad de tener vesículas seminales infiltradas es 5,19 veces mayor si el ángulo prostatoseminal no está conservado (p < 0,01), 4,65 veces mayor si el PSA > 19,60 ng/dl (p < 0,01) y 2,95 veces mayor si existe tacto rectal sospechoso (p = 0,014). Asimismo, aumenta en 1,04 veces por unidad de volumen menor (p < 0,01). Las curvas ROC mostraron máxima sensibilidad y especificidad en 19,6 ng/ml para PSA y 0,39 para densidad de PSA. Conclusiones: En esta serie se asocian con mayor afectación de vesículas seminales un PSA mayor o igual a 20 ng/ml, un tacto rectal sospechoso, o la ausencia de conservación del ángulo prostatoseminal

Objectives: The involvement of seminal vesicles in prostate cancer can affect the prognosis and determine the treatment. The objective of this study was to determine whether we could predict its infiltration at the time of the prostate biopsy to know when to indicate the biopsy of the seminal vesicles. Material and methods: observational retrospective study of 466 patients who underwent seminal vesicle biopsy. The indication for this biopsy was a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level greater than 10 ng/ml or an asymmetric or obliterated prostatoseminal angle. The following variables were included in the analysis: PSA level, PSA density, prostate volume, number of cores biopsied, suspicious rectal examination, and preservation of the prostatoseminal angle, studying its relationship with the involvement of the seminal vesicles. Results: Forty-one patients (8.8%) had infiltrated seminal vesicles and 425 (91.2%) had no involvement. In the univariate analysis, the cases with infiltration had a higher mean PSA level (P < .01) and PSA density (P < .01), as well as a lower mean prostate volume (P < .01). A suspicious rectal examination (20.7% of the infiltrated vesicles) and the obliteration or asymmetry of the prostatoseminal angle (33.3% of the infiltrated vesicles) were significantly related to the involvement (P < .01). In the multivariate analysis, we concluded that the probability of having infiltrated seminal vesicles is 5.19 times higher if the prostatoseminal angle is not preserved (P < .01), 4.65 times higher for PSA levels > 19.60 ng/dL (P < .01) and 2.95 times higher if there is a suspicious rectal examination (P = .014). Furthermore, this probability increases by 1.04 times for each unit of prostate volume lower (P < .01). The ROC curves showed maximum sensitivity and specificity at 19.6 ng/mL for PSA and 0.39 for PSA density. Conclusions: In this series, greater involvement of seminal vesicles was associated with a PSA level ≥ 20 ng/ml, a suspicious rectal examination and a lack of prostatoseminal angle preservation

When to biopsy seminal vesicles.

OBJECTIVES: The involvement of seminal vesicles in prostate cancer can affect the prognosis and determine the treatment. The objective of this study was to determine whether we could predict its infiltration at the time of the prostate biopsy to know when to indicate the biopsy of the seminal vesicles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: observational retrospective study of 466 patients who underwent seminal vesicle biopsy. The indication for this biopsy was a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level greater than 10 ng/ml or an asymmetric or obliterated prostatoseminal angle. The following variables were included in the analysis: PSA level, PSA density, prostate volume, number of cores biopsied, suspicious rectal examination, and preservation of the prostatoseminal angle, studying its relationship with the involvement of the seminal vesicles. RESULTS: Forty-one patients (8.8%) had infiltrated seminal vesicles and 425 (91.2%) had no involvement. In the univariate analysis, the cases with infiltration had a higher mean PSA level (P < .01) and PSA density (P < .01), as well as a lower mean prostate volume (P < .01). A suspicious rectal examination (20.7% of the infiltrated vesicles) and the obliteration or asymmetry of the prostatoseminal angle (33.3% of the infiltrated vesicles) were significantly related to the involvement (P < .01). In the multivariate analysis, we concluded that the probability of having infiltrated seminal vesicles is 5.19 times higher if the prostatoseminal angle is not preserved (P < .01), 4.65 times higher for PSA levels >19.60 ng/dL (P < .01) and 2.95 times higher if there is a suspicious rectal examination (P = .014). Furthermore, this probability increases by 1.04 times for each unit of prostate volume lower (P < .01). The ROC curves showed maximum sensitivity and specificity at 19.6 ng/mL for PSA and 0.39 for PSA density. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, greater involvement of seminal vesicles was associated with a PSA level ≥20 ng/ml, a suspicious rectal examination and a lack of prostatoseminal angle preservation.